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Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin and an accomplished 19th century scientist in his own right, has often been criticized in this century for his promotion of "eugenics" (planned breeding of humans see, for example, Paul (1995). Although Pearson did develop a rigorous treatment of the mathematics of the Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), it was the imagination of Sir Francis Galton that originally conceived modern notions of correlation and regression. The complete name of the correlation coefficient deceives many students into a belief that Karl Pearson developed this statistical measure himself. This history illustrates additional approaches instructors can use to introduce simple linear regression to students. This paper presents a brief history of how Galton originally derived and applied linear regression to problems of heredity. Modern textbooks typically present and explain correlation prior to introducing prediction problems and the application of linear regression.
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Subsequent efforts by Galton and Pearson brought about the more general techniques of multiple regression and the product-moment correlation coefficient. Key Words: Correlation Francis Galton History of statistics Karl Pearson.Īn examination of publications of Sir Francis Galton and Karl Pearson revealed that Galton's work on inherited characteristics of sweet peas led to the initial conceptualization of linear regression. Written consent from the author and advance notification May not be republished in any medium without express This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it Journal of Statistics Education Volume 9, Number 3 (2001)Ĭopyright © 2001 by Jeffrey M. Galton, Pearson, and the Peas: A Brief History of Linear Regression for Statistics Instructors
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Journal of Statistics Education, V9N3: Stanton